❞ كتاب Organic Chemistry ❝

❞ كتاب Organic Chemistry ❝

Organic Chemistry من كتب علمية

(Subject Area: Organic Chemistry)
Article
Authors
Pages in the
Encyclopedia
Acetylene
Robert J. Tedeschi
Pages 55-89
Alkaloids
Armin Guggisberg and
Manfred Hesse
Pages 477-493
Bioconjugate
Chemistry
Claude F. Meares
Pages 93-98
Carbohydrates
Hassan S. El Khadem
Pages 369-416
Catalysis,
Homogeneous
Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen
Pages 457-490
Fuel Chemistry
Sarma V. Pisupadti
Pages 253-274
Heterocyclic
Chemistry
Charles M. Marson
Pages 321-343
Organic Chemical
Systems, Theory
Josef Michl
Pages 435-457
Organic Chemistry,
Synthesis
John Welch
Pages 497-515
Organic Macrocycles
J. Ty Redd, Reed M. Izatt
and Jerald S. Bradshaw
Pages 517-528
Organometallic
Chemistry
Robert H. Crabtree
Pages 529-538
Pharmaceuticals,
Controlled Release of
Giancarlo Santus and
Richard W. Baker
Pages 791-803
Physical Organic
Chemistry
Charles L. Perrin
Pages 211-243
Stereochemistry
Ernest L. Eliel
Pages 79-93

GLOSSARY
Acetylenic
Pertaining to organic compounds containing
a triple bond (
C
C
) or acetylene group in the
molecule.
Adjuvant
Acetylenic diol used with pesticides to en-
hance activity, lower the rate of application, and in-
crease safety.
Alkynol
Primary, secondary, or tertiary acetylenic alco-
hol with the hydroxyl group generally adjacent or
α
to
the triple bond.
Ammoxidation
Acrylonitrile manufactured by oxidation
of propylene in the presence of ammonia.
Aprotic
Pertaining to highly polar solvents such as
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphospho-
ramide (HMPA),
N
-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP), and
acetonitrile that can hydrogen bond or complex with
acetylene and acetylenic compounds; used to dissolve
and activate acetylene.
Carbonylation
Reaction of acetylene with carbon
monoxide and alcohols to form acrylate esters; Reppe
process.
Commodity chemicals
Large-volume, multitonnage
chemicals, some of which are derived from acetylene.
Ethynylation
Reaction of acetylene with aldehydes and
ketones to form acetylenic alcohols and diols.
Grignard
Organomagnesium halide used in acetylenic
and other syntheses.
Oil-well acidizing
Use of acetylenic alcohols (alkynols)
as corrosion inhibitors to protect steel pipe during
acidizing operations undertaken to free oil from lime-
stone formations.
Pesticides
Agricultural chemicals including herbicides,
insecticides, miticides, fungicides, and bacterial con-
trol agents.
Reppe products and technology
Pioneered by Dr.
Walter Reppe of the I. G. Farben; various prod-
ucts derived from the reaction of acetylene with

ACETYLENE CHEMISTRY is the chemistry of the
carbon–carbon triple bond ( C C ). This functionality

defines the unique chemistry of this reactive group, in ad-
dition to its diverse and important applications. The high

electron density of the triple bond with its circular, sym-
metrical π field makes acetylene and its derivatives reac-
tive and useful intermediates for synthesizing a wide va-
riety of organic compounds. These organic products find

wide use in the synthesis of flavors and fragrances, vita-
mins A, E, and K, β-carotene, pesticides, surfactants, cor-
rosion inhibitors, and specially intermediates. This article

describes the technology and applications of acetylene,
acetylenic compounds, and the chemicals derived from
them.
In the mid-1960s more than 1 billion pounds of
acetylene were used annually for the production of

large-volume (commodity) chemicals. Since then, acety-
lene has been gradually supplanted by less expensive

olefin feedstocks. However, acetylene is still used in
multimillion-pound levels to produce Reppe chemicals
(butynediol, propargyl alcohol, butanediol, butyrolactone,
N-methylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and vinyl
ether copolymers) and specialty acetylenic chemicals and
their derivatives. Large volumes of butanediol are used in

the manufacture of engineering plastics such as polybuty-
lene terephthalate. Other significant uses for acetylene in

specialty areas include acetylene black, vitamins A and E,
flavor–fragrance (F & F) compounds, corrosion inhibitors,

acetylenic surfactants, and pesticides. Acetylenic chemi-
cals, polymers, and derivatives of potential value in re-
search and commerce are also discussed. Some special

aspects of acetylene chemistry research in Russia are also
summarized.
-
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نبذة عن الكتاب:
Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry من كتب علمية

(Subject Area: Organic Chemistry)
Article
Authors
Pages in the
Encyclopedia
Acetylene
Robert J. Tedeschi
Pages 55-89
Alkaloids
Armin Guggisberg and
Manfred Hesse
Pages 477-493
Bioconjugate
Chemistry
Claude F. Meares
Pages 93-98
Carbohydrates
Hassan S. El Khadem
Pages 369-416
Catalysis,
Homogeneous
Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen
Pages 457-490
Fuel Chemistry
Sarma V. Pisupadti
Pages 253-274
Heterocyclic
Chemistry
Charles M. Marson
Pages 321-343
Organic Chemical
Systems, Theory
Josef Michl
Pages 435-457
Organic Chemistry,
Synthesis
John Welch
Pages 497-515
Organic Macrocycles
J. Ty Redd, Reed M. Izatt
and Jerald S. Bradshaw
Pages 517-528
Organometallic
Chemistry
Robert H. Crabtree
Pages 529-538
Pharmaceuticals,
Controlled Release of
Giancarlo Santus and
Richard W. Baker
Pages 791-803
Physical Organic
Chemistry
Charles L. Perrin
Pages 211-243
Stereochemistry
Ernest L. Eliel
Pages 79-93

GLOSSARY
Acetylenic
Pertaining to organic compounds containing
a triple bond (
C
C
) or acetylene group in the
molecule.
Adjuvant
Acetylenic diol used with pesticides to en-
hance activity, lower the rate of application, and in-
crease safety.
Alkynol
Primary, secondary, or tertiary acetylenic alco-
hol with the hydroxyl group generally adjacent or
α
to
the triple bond.
Ammoxidation
Acrylonitrile manufactured by oxidation
of propylene in the presence of ammonia.
Aprotic
Pertaining to highly polar solvents such as
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphospho-
ramide (HMPA),
N
-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP), and
acetonitrile that can hydrogen bond or complex with
acetylene and acetylenic compounds; used to dissolve
and activate acetylene.
Carbonylation
Reaction of acetylene with carbon
monoxide and alcohols to form acrylate esters; Reppe
process.
Commodity chemicals
Large-volume, multitonnage
chemicals, some of which are derived from acetylene.
Ethynylation
Reaction of acetylene with aldehydes and
ketones to form acetylenic alcohols and diols.
Grignard
Organomagnesium halide used in acetylenic
and other syntheses.
Oil-well acidizing
Use of acetylenic alcohols (alkynols)
as corrosion inhibitors to protect steel pipe during
acidizing operations undertaken to free oil from lime-
stone formations.
Pesticides
Agricultural chemicals including herbicides,
insecticides, miticides, fungicides, and bacterial con-
trol agents.
Reppe products and technology
Pioneered by Dr.
Walter Reppe of the I. G. Farben; various prod-
ucts derived from the reaction of acetylene with

ACETYLENE CHEMISTRY is the chemistry of the
carbon–carbon triple bond ( C C ). This functionality

defines the unique chemistry of this reactive group, in ad-
dition to its diverse and important applications. The high

electron density of the triple bond with its circular, sym-
metrical π field makes acetylene and its derivatives reac-
tive and useful intermediates for synthesizing a wide va-
riety of organic compounds. These organic products find

wide use in the synthesis of flavors and fragrances, vita-
mins A, E, and K, β-carotene, pesticides, surfactants, cor-
rosion inhibitors, and specially intermediates. This article

describes the technology and applications of acetylene,
acetylenic compounds, and the chemicals derived from
them.
In the mid-1960s more than 1 billion pounds of
acetylene were used annually for the production of

large-volume (commodity) chemicals. Since then, acety-
lene has been gradually supplanted by less expensive

olefin feedstocks. However, acetylene is still used in
multimillion-pound levels to produce Reppe chemicals
(butynediol, propargyl alcohol, butanediol, butyrolactone,
N-methylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and vinyl
ether copolymers) and specialty acetylenic chemicals and
their derivatives. Large volumes of butanediol are used in

the manufacture of engineering plastics such as polybuty-
lene terephthalate. Other significant uses for acetylene in

specialty areas include acetylene black, vitamins A and E,
flavor–fragrance (F & F) compounds, corrosion inhibitors,

acetylenic surfactants, and pesticides. Acetylenic chemi-
cals, polymers, and derivatives of potential value in re-
search and commerce are also discussed. Some special

aspects of acetylene chemistry research in Russia are also
summarized. .
المزيد..

تعليقات القرّاء:

Organic Chemistry من كتب علمية

 
(Subject Area: Organic Chemistry) 
Article 
Authors 
Pages in the 
Encyclopedia 
Acetylene 
 Robert J. Tedeschi 
  Pages 55-89 
Alkaloids 
 Armin Guggisberg and 
Manfred Hesse 
  Pages 477-493 
Bioconjugate 
Chemistry 
 Claude F. Meares 
  Pages 93-98 
Carbohydrates 
 Hassan S. El Khadem 
  Pages 369-416 
Catalysis, 
Homogeneous 
 Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen 
  Pages 457-490 
Fuel Chemistry 
 Sarma V. Pisupadti 
  Pages 253-274 
Heterocyclic 
Chemistry 
 Charles M. Marson 
  Pages 321-343 
Organic Chemical 
Systems, Theory 
 Josef Michl 
  Pages 435-457 
Organic Chemistry, 
Synthesis 
 John Welch 
  Pages 497-515 
Organic Macrocycles 
 J. Ty Redd, Reed M. Izatt 
and Jerald S. Bradshaw 
  Pages 517-528 
Organometallic 
Chemistry 
 Robert H. Crabtree 
  Pages 529-538 
Pharmaceuticals, 
Controlled Release of 
 Giancarlo Santus and 
Richard W. Baker 
  Pages 791-803 
Physical Organic 
Chemistry 
 Charles L. Perrin 
  Pages 211-243 
Stereochemistry 
 Ernest L. Eliel 
  Pages 79-93 

GLOSSARY
Acetylenic
Pertaining to organic compounds containing
a  triple  bond  (
C
C
)  or  acetylene  group  in  the
molecule.
Adjuvant
Acetylenic  diol  used  with  pesticides  to  en-
hance  activity,  lower  the  rate  of  application,  and  in-
crease safety.
Alkynol
Primary, secondary, or tertiary acetylenic alco-
hol with the hydroxyl group generally adjacent or
α
to
the triple bond.
Ammoxidation
Acrylonitrile manufactured by oxidation
of propylene in the presence of ammonia.
Aprotic
Pertaining  to  highly  polar  solvents  such  as
dimethyl   sulfoxide   (DMSO),   hexamethylphospho-
ramide  (HMPA),
N
-methyl-pyrrolidone  (NMP),  and
acetonitrile that can hydrogen bond or complex with
acetylene and acetylenic compounds; used to dissolve
and activate acetylene.
Carbonylation
Reaction   of   acetylene   with   carbon
monoxide and alcohols to form acrylate esters; Reppe
process.
Commodity chemicals
Large-volume, multitonnage
chemicals, some of which are derived from acetylene.
Ethynylation
Reaction of acetylene with aldehydes and
ketones to form acetylenic alcohols and diols.
Grignard
Organomagnesium  halide  used  in  acetylenic
and other syntheses.
Oil-well acidizing
Use of acetylenic alcohols (alkynols)
as  corrosion  inhibitors  to  protect  steel  pipe  during
acidizing operations undertaken to free oil from lime-
stone formations.
Pesticides
Agricultural  chemicals  including  herbicides,
insecticides, miticides, fungicides, and bacterial con-
trol agents.
Reppe   products   and   technology
Pioneered   by   Dr.
Walter  Reppe  of  the  I.  G.  Farben;  various  prod-
ucts  derived  from  the  reaction  of  acetylene  with

Organic Chemistry
organic chemistry pdf
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organic chemistry lectures
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Organic Chemistry
organic chemistry pdf
organic chemistry شرح
organic chemistry books
organic chemistry lectures
organic chemistry exams and answers
organic chemistry ppt
organic chemistry definition
inorganic chemistry
 



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